医疗器械超声清洗效果的影响因素

目的 研究影响医疗器械超声清洗效果的因素，为合理改进医院消毒供应中心超声清洗医疗器械的方法和流程提供参考依据。方法 采用超声波能量检测瓶和超声波声强测试仪对超声波效能进行检测，采用管腔型清洗效果检测卡对超声波清洗效果进行检测。结果 能量瓶平均变色时间、超声波声强、检测卡平均清洗合格时间比较，脱气组和未脱气组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；器械规则摆放组和堆叠摆放组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；单层摆放组和双层摆放组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），层数相同条件下单筐组和双筐组在相同测试位点差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。4种品牌清洗剂中A品牌的清洗效果最好、清洗速度最快，但能量瓶平均变色时间和声强测试差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。清洗剂加注量在1：100、清洗温度在45℃时清洗效果最好。超声时间2 h内清洗剂的酶活力均在1 600 U左右，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 脱气、器械摆放、器械装载方式以及不同清洗剂、清洗温度均能导致超声清洗效能的改变，合理选择清洗条件才能够使医疗器械超声清洗达到满意效果。     

The T2Bacteria Assay Is a Sensitive and Rapid Detector of Bacteremia That Can Be Initiated in the Emergency Department and Has Potential to Favorably Influence Subsequent Therapy

BackgroundBacteremia causes a major worldwide burden, in terms of financial and productivity costs, as well the morbidity and mortality it can ultimately cause. Proper treatment of bacteremia is a challenge because of the species-dependent response to antibiotics. The T2Bacteria Panel is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–cleared and culture-independent assay for detection of bacteremia, including common ESKAPE pathogens—Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—and provides species identification in as little as 3.6 h directly from blood.ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate the T2Bacteria assay performance and potential to affect patient care in the emergency department (ED).MethodsED patients from a Louisiana and Florida center were enrolled as part of the T2Bacteria Panel clinical study, which was prospective and noninterventional. Blood samples for blood culture (BC) and T2Bacteria were matched in time and anatomic location.ResultsData from 137 ED patients were evaluated. Relative to BC, T2Bacteria showed 100% positive percent agreement and 98.4% negative percent agreement. In addition, for species on the T2Bacteria Panel, the T2Bacteria assay detected 25% more positives associated with infection, and on average identified the infectious species 56.6 h faster. The T2Bacteria assay covered 70.5% of all species detected by BC. Finally, relative to actual care, the T2Bacteria assay could have potentially focused therapy in 8 patients, reduced time to a species-directed therapy in 4 patients, and reduced time to effective therapy in 4 patients.ConclusionsIn this ED population, the T2Bacteria assay was a rapid and sensitive detector of bacteremia from common ESKAPE pathogens and showed the theoretical potential to influence subsequent patient therapy, ranging from antibiotic de-escalation to faster time to effective therapy.     

脑血管病急诊规范化培训医师网络课程APP的应用研究

目的 研究脑血管病急诊规范化培训网络课程APP的教学效果。 方法 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院急诊科规范化培训基地根据国家急诊医师规范培训的要求 制定、录制脑血管病相关教学课程，并呈现于网络课程APP。以急诊医师规范化培训基地培训的学员 24人为研究对象，在带教老师的指导和督导下，学员自行在线学习，学习前后均进行考核，比较学习前 后的考核成绩。 结果 经过一年的学习应用，学员考核成绩较入科成绩显著提高（91.13±3.51分 vs 66.04±2.79分， P =0.003）。 结论 网络课程APP的应用有效提高了急诊医师规范化培训学员的学习效果。     

基于病案的教学查房结合PACS在影像科医师培养中的应用

目的探讨在影像科医师培养中,基于病案(CBL)的教学查房结合医学影像存储与通讯系统(PACS)对医师影像诊断能力培养的价值。方法对2018年在北京大学第三医院放射科轮转CT的41名培训医师,应用PACS对其进行CBL教学查房,对照组为2017年轮转CT的39名培训医师(未进行CBL教学)。从PACS随机抽取每名医师书写的10份报告(报告时间为培训最后1个月),对开展CBL教学前后培训医师的报告书写质量评分并计算优良率。评分标准包括病灶征象描述全面准确、报告内容条理清晰规范、诊断结论逻辑清晰合理、能回答临床提出的问题、提出的下一步诊疗建议合理准确以及无漏诊。同时采用调查问卷的方式评价培训医师对CBL教学查房的主观感受,包括全面系统的认识疾病、提高临床思维能力、读片能力和学习兴趣、PACS对学习的帮助5方面,采用百分比表示。结果1)进行CBL教学查房后,培训医师报告质量评分提高(P<0.01)。2)培训医师对调查问卷5方面满意率分别为90.2%、68.3%、80.5%、75.6%和80.5%。结论应用PACS进行CBL教学查房是培养影像科医师诊断能力的有效方法。     

新冠肺炎疫情防控某三甲精神病专科医院应急指挥体系成效分析

本研究目的是总结某三甲精神病专科医院在新冠肺炎疫情防控工作中应急指挥体系建设的经验,为响应公共卫生应急决策提供参考。结合四川省精神卫生中心(绵阳市第三人民医院)在新冠肺炎疫情防控中的应急指挥工作开展情况,从建立应急指挥体系、再造院内诊疗流程、强化防控知识培训、开展疫情防控心理干预等方面,总结精神病专科医院应急指挥体系建设的经验和教训。     

Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality: An analysis of 19,834 open pelvic ring fractures

BackgroundOpen pelvic fractures are rare injuries, associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury related factors on complication and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the overall incidence of complications and mortality after open pelvic fractures, (2) compare patient factors between those who did and did not develop complications, (3) identify perioperative independent risk factors for complications and mortality.MethodsA query was performed for patients with open pelvic fractures between 2007 and 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Patient and injury specific variables were collected and complications were identified using International Classification of Disease Ninth and Tenth edition Codes. Patient demographic and perioperative data was compared using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test for categorical variables, and Welch’s t-test for continuous variables. Using pooled data from multiple imputations, logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals of independent risk factors for complications.ResultsA total of 19,834 open pelvic fracture cases were identified, with 9622 patients (48.5%) developing at least one complication. Patients who developed complications were older (35.0 vs 38.1 years), and had higher Injury Severity Scores (17.7 vs 26.5), lower Glasgow Coma Scores (14.2 vs 11.7), and a larger proportion presenting with hypotension (21% vs 6.9%). After pooled regression involving 19 factors, these were the strongest independent predictors of inpatient complication and mortality.ConclusionWe report a mortality rate of 14%, with an inclusive complication rate of 48.5%. Evaluating risk factors for morbidity and mortality for this devastating orthopaedic injury provides knowledge of an inherently sparse population.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Retrospective study.     

持续质量改进在体检科护理质量管理中的应用效果探讨

目的探究持续质量改进在体检科护理质量管理中的应用效果。方法该次将该院在2018年7-12月的体检者200名作为研究的对象,视为对照阶段,采取常规护理管理方法;将该院2019年1-6月的体检者200名作为观察阶段对象,在护理管理工作中采取持续质量改进管理模式,进一步对比两个阶段患者对于体检科工作质量的评分。结果在体检工作质量、服务态度、体检满意度这3个模块,观察阶段评分对照阶段比较均明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论持续质量改进应用于体检科护理质量管理中,可有效提升体检服务品质,值得推广应用。     

创伤骨科急救药品存放管理的改进措施分析

对于创伤骨科患者来说,急救药品与物品事在急救过程中必不可少的物品。急救药品的管理和存放,也是直接影响急救效果的重要因素。因此现代医疗机构为了进一步提高医疗的安全度,必须要加强对急救药品和急救物品的规范管理,但是在这个过程当中仍然出现了许多问题,整体效果提升度不高。